There is a side tube connected to a vacuum pump to reduce pressure. It consists of a glass tube connected to two metal electrodes at two ends. This experiment was performed using a cathode ray tube (Crooke’s tube). Thomson made a detailed study of the discharge of electricity through gases under very low pressure. They are called extra-nuclear particles.Įlectrons were the first of sub-atomic particles to be discovered, by J.J. Electrons revolve around the nucleus in a circular orbit. Protons and neutrons are present in the nucleus of an atom, they are called intranuclear particles or nucleons. Protons, neutrons, and electrons that make up an atom are known as the fundamental subatomic particles.
These discrete particles are called electrons by Loney. These laws assumed the discrete nature of electricity. These laws of electrolysis given by Michael Faraday provide a relation between matter and electricity. On the basis of his experiments, he proposed the laws of electrolysis. During this process, they accumulate on the electrode or escape out as a gas at the electrode. He observed that charged particles migrate towards oppositely charged electrodes. Michael Faraday in 1832 passed electricity through the solution and he called the phenomenon as electrolysis. This phenomenon indicated that the matter has electrical nature. Electricity gets transferred from one point to another point through certain substances. When a glass is rubbed with silk or ebonite is rubbed with fur, electricity is generated. Atoms of different elements may combine in more than one proportion to form different compounds.When chemical compounds are formed they do so by the combination of atoms of different elements in a simple proportion of whole numbers.Atoms of the same element resemble each other in all respects but differ from the atoms of other elements. The atoms are indivisible and they can neither be created nor be destroyed.Every element is made up of extremely small particles called an atom.The first concept was given by John Dalton. Both the ideas are of conceptual nature and didn’t have any experimental evidence. The Greek Philosopher Democritus suggested that all the matter is composed of tiny, discrete, indivisible particles. Indian saint and philosopher Maharshi Kanad proposed that matter is made up of the smallest individual particles.
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